RFID Packaging Primer RFID的包裝物

In the simplest terms an RFID packaging system consists of a tag (transponder) and a reader (interrogator).最簡單的術語包裝的RFID系統由標籤（轉發器）和讀者（審訊） 。

The technology of RFID packaging deals with the remote collection of information stored on a tag using radio frequency communications.該技術的RFID包裝處理遠程收集的信息存儲在標籤上使用無線電頻率通信。 The information stored on the tag can range from as little as an identification number, to kilo-bytes of data written to and read from the tag, to dynamic information maintained on the tag, such as temperature histories.信息存儲在標籤上可以從只有一個身份證號碼，以千字節的數據寫入和讀取的標籤，以保持動態信息的標籤，如溫度的歷史。 The information from the tag/reader combination is either presented to a human operator typically using a hand-held device with a alpha-numeric display or a host computer which automatically manages the information.該信息的標籤/閱讀器組合是不是提交給一個人的運營商通常使用的手持設備與字母數字顯示器或主機電腦自動管理的信息。

Frequency 頻率

Critical performance variables in an RFID packaging system involve the range at which communication can be maintained, the size of the information space contained on the tag, the rate at which the communication with the tag can take place, the physical size of the tag, the ability of the system to “simultaneously” communication with multiple tags, and the robustness of the communication with respect to interference due to material in the path between the reader and the tag.關鍵業績變數的RFID包裝系統涉及的範圍上的溝通才能維持，大小的信息空間上所載的標記，這一比率在這次會議上交流的標記可以進行，物理大小的標記，則能力系統“同時”通信與多個標籤，並在穩健的通信方面的干擾由於材料間的路徑讀取器和標籤。 Several factors determine the level of performance that can be achieved in these variable.有幾個因素確定的性能水平，可以實現在這些變數。 The factors include the legal/regulatory emission levels allowed in the country of use, whether or not a battery is included in the tag to assist its communication back to the reader, and the frequency of the RF carrier used to transport the information between the tag and the reader.的因素包括：法律/監管的排放水平允許在該國使用，而不論是否電池已被列入標記，以協助其通訊回到讀者，和頻率的射頻載波用來運輸之間的信息標籤和讀者。

Over the course of decades of RFID package development, industry has evolved RFID packaging solutions that variously trade the regulatory constraints, the signal propagation characteristics of various RF carrier frequencies, and the economics of tag size and optional batteries.在過去的幾十年的RFID封裝的發展，工業已演變的RFID包裝解決方案，不同的貿易管制的限制，信號傳播特性的各種射頻載波頻率，而經濟學的標籤大小和可選的電池。 These solutions employ only a few RF frequencies around which the vast majority of RFID systems are fielded today.這些解決方案採用只有少數RF頻率圍繞著絕大多數的RFID系統是派出了今天。 The RF frequencies include relatively narrow bands centered at: 125/134KHz or low frequency (LF) 13.56MHz or high frequency (HF) 433/869/915MHz or ultra-high frequency (UHF) 2.45/5.8GHz or micro-wave (uW).射頻頻率包括相對狹窄帶為中心，網址是： 125/134KHz或低頻（ LF ） 13.56或高頻（ HF ） 433/869/915MHz或超高頻（ UHF ） 2.45/5.8GHz或微型波（威斯康星） 。

These frequency values are commonly referred to the RFID packaging technology.這些頻率值通常被稱為的RFID封裝技術。 Thus, tags and readers combinations are described as employing LF, HF, UHF, or uW technology.因此，標籤和讀取器的組合被稱為用人低頻，高頻，超高頻，或威斯康星大學的技術。

Passive/Active Tags 無源/有源標籤

Within any one technology there is a wide variety in tag performance reflecting semiconductor chip performance, tag antenna size and efficiency, and whether a battery is included in the tag.在任何一個技術有各種各樣的標記業績反映半導體芯片的性能，標籤天線尺寸和效率，以及是否電池已被列入標記。 There are two broad classes of tags with respect to the source of energy used to power the tags: passive tags or those that receive their energy solely from the RF field supplied by the reader, or active tags that have a battery to boost the read range of the tag.有兩大類的標籤方面的能源用於電力的標籤：無源標籤或那些接受它們的能源完全由射頻場提供的讀者，或主動標籤，有一個電池，以提高閱讀範圍的標記。

Read Range 讀取範圍

In many cases there is a sharp delineation between the read range of two classes of tags employing passive technology, those that have a relatively short read range and those that have a relatively long read range, especially at LF and HE Like many radio systems, short range RFID systems tend to be less expensive and relatively easy to design and build.在許多情況下，有一個鮮明的劃定範圍改為兩班的標籤採用無源技術，那些相對較短的閱讀範圍和那些相對較長的讀取距離，尤其是在低頻和何象許多無線電系統，短RFID系統的範圍往往是費用較低，比較容易設計和建造。 Long range RFID packaging systems tend to be more expensive and difficult to build.遠距離RFID的包裝系統往往是較為昂貴，而且很難建立。 Typically, the range performance of RFID packagin systems is determined to a major extent by the reader, the power of the signal it radiates and the sensitivity of its receiver.通常情況下，各種性能的RFID packagin系統確定的重大程度上受到讀者的力量它的信號輻射和靈敏度的接收器。

Anti-Collision 防撞

In many applications it is desirable to communicate with a tag when other similar tags are simultaneously visible to the reader.在許多應用中是可取的溝通標籤時其他類似的標記，同時可見的讀者。 In the case of tagging pigs, it is unlikely two pigs will need to be in the read space at the same time.對於標註豬，也不可能兩個豬將需要在閱讀空間同一時間舉行。 In the case of library books an important design feature is the ability to read and “check-out” multiple books as the same time.在圖書的一個重要設計特點是能夠讀取和“退房”多本書的同一時間。 The ability of the tag/reader system to talk unambiguously with one tag at a time is determined by the anti-collision algorithm used to identify each tag and establish a communication session with the tag.的能力，標籤/閱讀器系統，以毫不含糊地談論同一個標籤上的時間是確定的防碰撞算法用來確定每個標籤和建立一個溝通會議的標記。

Tag/Reader Communication Protocols 標籤/閱讀器的通信協議

How information is communicated to and from the tag has historically been determined by the original designer of the semiconductor device in the tag.如何傳達信息，並從標籤歷來是確定的原始設計的半導體器件中的標記。 These protocols vary widely in the ways the carrier is modulated, the data is encoded, read, write, verify commands are structured, how multiple tags are read without interfering with one another, and whether privacy or security services are provided.這些協議有很大差異的，承運人的方式調製，數據編碼，讀，寫，核實命令的結構，如何多個標籤是只讀不干預彼此，以及是否隱私或安全提供服務。 These varying protocols have relative advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the application being considered.這些不同的協議有相對優勢和劣勢，根據申請正在審議中。

Standards 標準

Over time RFID manufacturers and users have typically concluded that while there are advantages to having several communication protocols from which to choose for any application, there would at each frequency be an advantage to settling on one protocol, or at most a couple of protocols, which multiple suppliers could offer chips and readers.隨著時間的推移， RFID的製造商和用戶通常都得出結論說，儘管有優勢，有幾個通訊協議可供選擇的任何申請，將在每個頻率的優勢來解決的一個協議，或最多一對夫婦的議定書，這多個供應商可以提供芯片和閱讀器。

The appearance of these standards is relatively recent and reflects the work of industry bodies including the UCC and the EAN, the International Standard Organization ISO, and national bodies like ANSI in the US Many of these standards are new or are in the process of being defined and there is considerable uncertainty what their form will ultimately be.出現的這些標準是比較近期的，反映了工作的行業機構，包括統一編碼委員會和國際物品編碼，國際標準化組織國際標準化組織，機構和國家機構一樣的ANSI在美國的許多這些標準是新的或正在被界定有相當大的不確定性是其形式將最終。

Summary 綜述

The RFID industry today represents a dynamic attempt by manufacturers and users to build and deploy solutions reflecting trade-offs between a wide range of technical, political, and regulatory constraints. RFID產業的今天是一個動態的企圖製造商和用戶建立和部署解決方案的反映之間的權衡了廣泛的技術，政治和管理上的限制。 It is in this dynamic environment that SAMSys provides RFID readers which enable end-users, system integrators, and automatic data capture (ADC) equipment suppliers to make timely and safe decisions about how to employ RFID.正是在這個不斷變化的環境， SAMSys公司提供RFID讀取器，使最終用戶，系統集成，自動數據採集（ ADC ）的設備供應商作出及時和安全的決定如何運用RFID技術。

For more information on the RFID packaging, please contact:欲了解更多關於RFID的包裝，請聯繫：

Bar Code Specialties 條形碼土特產品
12272 Monarch Street 12272君主街
Garden Grove, CA 92841 加登格羅夫，美國加利福尼亞92841
1-844-411-CODE 1 - 844 - 411 -碼

RFID Packaging For Wal-Mart RFID的包裝沃爾瑪

Do you do business with Wal-Mart?你做生意與沃爾瑪？

Soon, all suppliers to Wal-Mart will be required to affix special radio frequency identification, or RFID tags onto all cases and pallets.不久，所有供應商到沃爾瑪將要求貼上特殊的無線電頻率識別，或標籤上所有貨箱和貨盤。

Many of the top suppliers are still trying to figure out all this out.許多主要供應商仍試圖找出這一切了。 How will these new tagging requirements affect them, as well as the effort necessary to meet the goal?如何將這些新的標記影響他們的要求，以及必要的努力，以滿足目標呢？ Several leading suppliers acknowledge it will be a huge effort.幾個主要供應商承認這將是一個巨大的努力。

Once again contract packagers across the national may be called upon to assist in this tagging challenge.再次合同包裝整個國家可能被要求在這方面提供協助標記的挑戰。 As these new scope of work requirements are really no different than changes in the marketplace during the 1980’s when Sol Price opened the first Price Club warehouse stores.隨著這些新的工作範圍的要求真的沒有什麼不同市場變化的1980年期間的價格時，溶膠開設了第一價格會員倉儲式商店。 Clients are asking for something a little different and until they can find or develop manufacturing systems to handle the problem contract packagers may have the least cost, most effective, and quickest solution to manage the opportunity.客戶所要求的東西有些不同，直到他們能夠找到或開發製造系統來處理這個問題的合同包裝可能有最少的成本，最有效，最快的解決方案來管理的機會。

Wal-Mart has identified several key advantages to having these RFID tags used…沃爾瑪已確定幾個關鍵的優勢，而這些RFID標籤使用...

• Better tracking and moving of inventory更好的跟踪和移動的清單
• Faster receiving and shipping更快的接收和航運
• Improved quality inspection改進質量檢查
• Fewer out-of-stock items resulting in improved shopper satisfaction較少的脫銷項目從而提高顧客滿意
• Greater predictability in product demand更大的可預測性的產品需求
• Better value for shoppers as efficiencies occur更好地為顧客價值作為效率發生
• The right products, in the right stores, at the right prices合適的產品，在正確的商店，在合適的價格

The RFID tags are not without problems today and Wal-Mart has advised their 20,000 suppliers that they will work with them to address and potential problems: RFID標籤是沒有問題的今天和沃爾瑪已通知其20000供應商，他們將與他們一道工作，以處理和潛在的問題：

• Tags cost thirty cents today and Wal-Mart hopes that the price will be driven down to the $0.10 range as more and more suppliers purchase them標籤的成本30美分，今天與沃爾瑪希望的價格將推動至0.10美元範圍內，越來越多的供應商購買
• Lack of agreed upon industry standard缺乏商定行業標準
• Smart Tag technology is far from perfect, as about 20% of today’s tags do not function properly智能標籤技術是遠遠不夠完善，因為20 ％左右今天的標籤不正常
• Physical limitations of tags still exist, as tags can not be read through liquids or metals物理限制的標籤仍然存在，標籤無法讀取通過液體或金屬
• Nylon conveyor belts and other radio frequencies can disrupt the tags transmissions in warehouses尼龍輸送帶和其他無線電頻率可以破壞的標籤在倉庫傳輸

Wal-Mart is pushing the envelope of today’s tag technology before this technology is mature.沃爾瑪的信封推今天的標籤技術之前，這項技術已經成熟。 Suppliers too are challenged by the equipping of warehouses and trucks with devices to read data from the tags.供應商也受到質疑的裝備倉庫和卡車的設備讀取數據標籤。 These devices will have to have integrated readers that can return real-time information to corporate computer networks.這些設備將集成讀者，可以返回的實時信息公司的計算機網絡。 This means that there will be additional costs related to hiring tech consultants and additional hardware.這意味著將有更多的相關費用聘請科技顧問和額外的硬件。

Wal-Mart is asking nothing more creative than Sol Price did when he started selling multi-packs of product or larger size containers.沃爾瑪要求什麼更有創意的價格比太陽的時候，他開始出售多套的產品或更大尺寸的容器。 These companies have pushed the edge of the envelope out for the whole industry.這些公司把邊緣的信封了整個行業。

Contract packagers were there providing special handling and multi-pack services for warehouse club stores then, and many within our industry will be there this year for Wal-Mart’s RFID tags special handling services as well.合同包裝是否有提供特殊處理和多包服務，倉庫俱樂部商店然後，許多人在我們的行業將有今年沃爾瑪的RFID標籤特殊處理服務。 Finding solutions for uncharted new packaging technology is what many contract packagers, including Aaron Thomas Company, do best.找到解決的辦法未知的新的包裝技術是許多合同的包裝，包括亞倫托馬斯公司，做最好的。

CNBC reported through MSN Money recently wrote, “Do you speak RFID? CNBC報導通過MSN貨幣最近寫道， “你講的RFID ？ Get used to it.已經習慣了。 This is the tech acronym most likely to get big media play in 2004.這是高科技的縮寫最有可能獲得大媒體在2004年。 It stands fro Radio Frequency Identification Tracking, and with Wal-Mart, the Pentagon, Visa, and American Express behind it, the technology will generate a lot of excitement.” Sounds a lot like what we read about Y2K a few years back.它站在來回無線電頻率識別跟踪，並與沃爾瑪，美國五角大樓，維薩和美國運通背後，這項技術將產生大量的興奮。 “聽起來很像我們讀到2000年幾年回來。

Four public companies were identified to watch: Zebra Technologies and Printronix as they are both bar-code printer makers that are expanding into RFID printing, Checkpoint Systems a maker of integrated systems for retail security systems, and Symbol Technology a maker of the wireless networks needed to collect data from RFID tags.四上市公司被確定觀看：斑馬技術和Printronix公司作為他們都是條碼打印機製造商正在擴大到RFID打印， Checkpoint Systems公司製造集成系統的零售安全系統，和Symbol技術製造的無線網絡的需要收集數據從RFID標籤。