RFID Packaging Primer RFID的包装物

In the simplest terms an RFID packaging system consists of a tag (transponder) and a reader (interrogator).最简单的术语包装的RFID系统由标签（转发器）和读者（审讯） 。

The technology of RFID packaging deals with the remote collection of information stored on a tag using radio frequency communications.该技术的RFID包装处理远程信息收集储存在标签上使用无线电频率通信。 The information stored on the tag can range from as little as an identification number, to kilo-bytes of data written to and read from the tag, to dynamic information maintained on the tag, such as temperature histories.信息存储在标签上可以从只有一个身份证号码，以千字节的数据写入和读取的标签，以保持动态信息的标签，如温度的历史。 The information from the tag/reader combination is either presented to a human operator typically using a hand-held device with a alpha-numeric display or a host computer which automatically manages the information.该信息的标签/阅读器组合是不是提交给一个人的运营商通常使用的手持设备与字母数字显示器或主机电脑自动管理的信息。

Frequency 频率

Critical performance variables in an RFID packaging system involve the range at which communication can be maintained, the size of the information space contained on the tag, the rate at which the communication with the tag can take place, the physical size of the tag, the ability of the system to “simultaneously” communication with multiple tags, and the robustness of the communication with respect to interference due to material in the path between the reader and the tag.关键业绩变数的RFID包装系统涉及的范围上的沟通才能维持，大小的信息空间上所载的标记，这一比率在这次会议上交流的标记可以进行，物理大小的标记，则能力系统“同时”通信与多个标签，并在稳健的通信方面的干扰由于材料间的路径读取器和标签。 Several factors determine the level of performance that can be achieved in these variable.有几个因素确定的性能水平，可以实现在这些变数。 The factors include the legal/regulatory emission levels allowed in the country of use, whether or not a battery is included in the tag to assist its communication back to the reader, and the frequency of the RF carrier used to transport the information between the tag and the reader.的因素包括：法律/监管的排放水平允许在该国使用，而不论是否电池已被列入标记，以协助其通讯回到读者，和频率的射频载波用来运输之间的信息标签和读者。

Over the course of decades of RFID package development, industry has evolved RFID packaging solutions that variously trade the regulatory constraints, the signal propagation characteristics of various RF carrier frequencies, and the economics of tag size and optional batteries.在过去的几十年的RFID封装的发展，工业已演变的RFID包装解决方案，不同的贸易管制的限制，信号传播特性的各种射频载波频率，而经济学的标签大小和可选的电池。 These solutions employ only a few RF frequencies around which the vast majority of RFID systems are fielded today.这些解决方案采用只有少数RF频率围绕着绝大多数的RFID系统是派出了今天。 The RF frequencies include relatively narrow bands centered at: 125/134KHz or low frequency (LF) 13.56MHz or high frequency (HF) 433/869/915MHz or ultra-high frequency (UHF) 2.45/5.8GHz or micro-wave (uW).射频频率包括相对狭窄带为中心，网址是： 125/134KHz或低频（ LF ） 13.56或高频（ HF ） 433/869/915MHz或超高频（ UHF ） 2.45/5.8GHz或微型波（威斯康星） 。

These frequency values are commonly referred to the RFID packaging technology.这些频率值通常被称为的RFID封装技术。 Thus, tags and readers combinations are described as employing LF, HF, UHF, or uW technology.因此，标签和读取器的组合被称为用人低频，高频，超高频，或威斯康星大学的技术。

Passive/Active Tags 无源/有源标签

Within any one technology there is a wide variety in tag performance reflecting semiconductor chip performance, tag antenna size and efficiency, and whether a battery is included in the tag.在任何一个技术有各种各样的标记业绩反映半导体芯片的性能，标签天线尺寸和效率，以及是否电池已被列入标记。 There are two broad classes of tags with respect to the source of energy used to power the tags: passive tags or those that receive their energy solely from the RF field supplied by the reader, or active tags that have a battery to boost the read range of the tag.有两大类的标签方面的能源用于电力的标签：无源标签或那些接受它们的能源完全由射频场提供的读者，或主动标签，有一个电池，以提高阅读范围的标记。

Read Range 读取范围

In many cases there is a sharp delineation between the read range of two classes of tags employing passive technology, those that have a relatively short read range and those that have a relatively long read range, especially at LF and HE Like many radio systems, short range RFID systems tend to be less expensive and relatively easy to design and build.在许多情况下，有一个鲜明的划定范围改为两班的标签采用无源技术，那些相对较短的阅读范围和那些相对较长的读取距离，尤其是在低频和何象许多无线电系统，短RFID系统的范围往往是费用较低，比较容易设计和建造。 Long range RFID packaging systems tend to be more expensive and difficult to build.远距离RFID的包装系统往往是较为昂贵，而且很难建立。 Typically, the range performance of RFID packagin systems is determined to a major extent by the reader, the power of the signal it radiates and the sensitivity of its receiver.通常情况下，各种性能的RFID packagin系统确定的重大程度上受到读者的力量它的信号辐射和灵敏度的接收器。

Anti-Collision 防撞

In many applications it is desirable to communicate with a tag when other similar tags are simultaneously visible to the reader.在许多应用中是可取的沟通标签时其他类似的标记，同时可见的读者。 In the case of tagging pigs, it is unlikely two pigs will need to be in the read space at the same time.对于标注猪，也不可能两个猪将需要在阅读空间同一时间举行。 In the case of library books an important design feature is the ability to read and “check-out” multiple books as the same time.在图书的一个重要设计特点是能够读取和“退房”多本书的同一时间。 The ability of the tag/reader system to talk unambiguously with one tag at a time is determined by the anti-collision algorithm used to identify each tag and establish a communication session with the tag.的能力，标签/阅读器系统，以毫不含糊地谈论同一个标签上的时间是确定的防碰撞算法用来确定每个标签和建立一个沟通会议的标记。

Tag/Reader Communication Protocols 标签/阅读器的通信协议

How information is communicated to and from the tag has historically been determined by the original designer of the semiconductor device in the tag.如何传达信息，并从标签历来是确定的原始设计的半导体器件中的标记。 These protocols vary widely in the ways the carrier is modulated, the data is encoded, read, write, verify commands are structured, how multiple tags are read without interfering with one another, and whether privacy or security services are provided.这些协议有很大差异的，承运人的方式调制，数据编码，读，写，核实命令的结构，如何多个标签是只读不干预彼此，以及是否隐私或安全提供服务。 These varying protocols have relative advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the application being considered.这些不同的协议有相对优势和劣势，根据申请正在审议中。

Standards 标准

Over time RFID manufacturers and users have typically concluded that while there are advantages to having several communication protocols from which to choose for any application, there would at each frequency be an advantage to settling on one protocol, or at most a couple of protocols, which multiple suppliers could offer chips and readers.随着时间的推移， RFID的制造商和用户通常都得出结论说，尽管有优势，有几个通讯协议可供选择的任何申请，将在每个频率的优势来解决的一个协议，或最多一对夫妇的议定书，这多个供应商可以提供芯片和阅读器。

The appearance of these standards is relatively recent and reflects the work of industry bodies including the UCC and the EAN, the International Standard Organization ISO, and national bodies like ANSI in the US Many of these standards are new or are in the process of being defined and there is considerable uncertainty what their form will ultimately be.出现的这些标准是比较近期的，反映了工作的行业机构，包括统一编码委员会和国际物品编码，国际标准化组织国际标准化组织，机构和国家机构一样的ANSI在美国的许多这些标准是新的或正在被界定有相当大的不确定性是其形式将最终。

Summary 综述

The RFID industry today represents a dynamic attempt by manufacturers and users to build and deploy solutions reflecting trade-offs between a wide range of technical, political, and regulatory constraints. RFID产业的今天是一个动态的企图制造商和用户建立和部署解决方案的反映之间的权衡了广泛的技术，政治和管理上的限制。 It is in this dynamic environment that SAMSys provides RFID readers which enable end-users, system integrators, and automatic data capture (ADC) equipment suppliers to make timely and safe decisions about how to employ RFID.正是在这个不断变化的环境， SAMSys公司提供RFID读取器，使最终用户，系统集成，自动数据采集（ ADC ）的设备供应商作出及时和安全的决定如何运用RFID技术。

For more information on the RFID packaging, please contact:欲了解更多关于RFID的包装，请联系：

Bar Code Specialties 条形码土特产品
12272 Monarch Street 12272君主街
Garden Grove, CA 92841 加登格罗夫，美国加利福尼亚92841
1-844-411-CODE 1 - 844 - 411 -码

RFID Packaging For Wal-Mart RFID的包装沃尔玛

Do you do business with Wal-Mart?你做生意与沃尔玛？

Soon, all suppliers to Wal-Mart will be required to affix special radio frequency identification, or RFID tags onto all cases and pallets.不久，所有供应商到沃尔玛将要求贴上特殊的无线电频率识别，或标签上所有货箱和货盘。

Many of the top suppliers are still trying to figure out all this out.许多主要供应商仍试图找出这一切了。 How will these new tagging requirements affect them, as well as the effort necessary to meet the goal?如何将这些新的标记影响他们的要求，以及必要的努力，以满足目标呢？ Several leading suppliers acknowledge it will be a huge effort.几个主要供应商承认这将是一个巨大的努力。

Once again contract packagers across the national may be called upon to assist in this tagging challenge.再次合同包装整个国家可能被要求在这方面提供协助标记的挑战。 As these new scope of work requirements are really no different than changes in the marketplace during the 1980’s when Sol Price opened the first Price Club warehouse stores.随着这些新的工作范围的要求真的没有什么不同市场变化的1980年期间的价格时，溶胶开设了第一价格会员仓储式商店。 Clients are asking for something a little different and until they can find or develop manufacturing systems to handle the problem contract packagers may have the least cost, most effective, and quickest solution to manage the opportunity.客户所要求的东西有些不同，直到他们能够找到或开发制造系统来处理这个问题的合同包装可能有最少的成本，最有效，最快的解决方案来管理的机会。

Wal-Mart has identified several key advantages to having these RFID tags used…沃尔玛已确定几个关键的优势，而这些RFID标签使用...

• Better tracking and moving of inventory更好的跟踪和移动的清单
• Faster receiving and shipping更快的接收和航运
• Improved quality inspection改进质量检查
• Fewer out-of-stock items resulting in improved shopper satisfaction较少的脱销项目从而提高顾客满意
• Greater predictability in product demand更大的可预测性的产品需求
• Better value for shoppers as efficiencies occur更好地为顾客价值作为效率发生
• The right products, in the right stores, at the right prices合适的产品，在正确的商店，在合适的价格

The RFID tags are not without problems today and Wal-Mart has advised their 20,000 suppliers that they will work with them to address and potential problems: RFID标签是没有问题的今天和沃尔玛已通知其20000的供应商，他们将与他们一道工作，以处理和潜在的问题：

• Tags cost thirty cents today and Wal-Mart hopes that the price will be driven down to the $0.10 range as more and more suppliers purchase them标签的成本30美分，今天与沃尔玛希望的价格将推动至0.10美元范围内，越来越多的供应商购买
• Lack of agreed upon industry standard缺乏商定行业标准
• Smart Tag technology is far from perfect, as about 20% of today’s tags do not function properly智能标签技术是远远不够完善，因为20 ％左右今天的标签不正常
• Physical limitations of tags still exist, as tags can not be read through liquids or metals物理限制的标签仍然存在，标签无法读取通过液体或金属
• Nylon conveyor belts and other radio frequencies can disrupt the tags transmissions in warehouses尼龙输送带和其他无线电频率可以破坏的标签在仓库传输

Wal-Mart is pushing the envelope of today’s tag technology before this technology is mature.沃尔玛的信封推今天的标签技术之前，这项技术已经成熟。 Suppliers too are challenged by the equipping of warehouses and trucks with devices to read data from the tags.供应商也受到质疑的装备仓库和卡车的设备读取数据标签。 These devices will have to have integrated readers that can return real-time information to corporate computer networks.这些设备将集成读者，可以返回的实时信息公司的计算机网络。 This means that there will be additional costs related to hiring tech consultants and additional hardware.这意味着将有更多的相关费用聘请科技顾问和额外的硬件。

Wal-Mart is asking nothing more creative than Sol Price did when he started selling multi-packs of product or larger size containers.沃尔玛要求什么更有创意的价格比太阳的时候，他开始出售多套的产品或更大尺寸的容器。 These companies have pushed the edge of the envelope out for the whole industry.这些公司把边缘的信封了整个行业。

Contract packagers were there providing special handling and multi-pack services for warehouse club stores then, and many within our industry will be there this year for Wal-Mart’s RFID tags special handling services as well.合同包装是否有提供特殊处理和多包服务，仓库俱乐部商店然后，许多人在我们的行业将有今年沃尔玛的RFID标签特殊处理服务。 Finding solutions for uncharted new packaging technology is what many contract packagers, including Aaron Thomas Company, do best.找到解决的办法未知的新的包装技术是许多合同的包装，包括亚伦托马斯公司，做最好的。

CNBC reported through MSN Money recently wrote, “Do you speak RFID? CNBC报道通过MSN货币最近写道， “你讲的RFID ？ Get used to it.已经习惯了。 This is the tech acronym most likely to get big media play in 2004.这是高科技的缩写最有可能获得大媒体在2004年。 It stands fro Radio Frequency Identification Tracking, and with Wal-Mart, the Pentagon, Visa, and American Express behind it, the technology will generate a lot of excitement.” Sounds a lot like what we read about Y2K a few years back.它站在来回无线电频率识别跟踪，并与沃尔玛，美国五角大楼，维萨和美国运通背后，这项技术将产生大量的兴奋。 “听起来很像我们读到2000年几年回来。

Four public companies were identified to watch: Zebra Technologies and Printronix as they are both bar-code printer makers that are expanding into RFID printing, Checkpoint Systems a maker of integrated systems for retail security systems, and Symbol Technology a maker of the wireless networks needed to collect data from RFID tags.四上市公司被确定观看：斑马技术和Printronix公司作为他们都是条码打印机制造商正在扩大到RFID打印， Checkpoint Systems公司制造集成系统的零售安全系统，和Symbol技术制造的无线网络的需要收集数据从RFID标签。