RFID Packaging Primer RFID的包装底漆

In the simplest terms an RFID packaging system consists of a tag (transponder) and a reader (interrogator).在最简单的计算，一个RFID包装系统包括一个标记（转发器）和一个阅读器（审讯） 。 The technology of RFID packaging deals with the remote collection of information stored on a tag using radio frequency communications.技术RFID的包装处理与远程收集的信息存储在一个标记使用的无线电频率通信。 Information stored on the tag can range from as little as an identification number, to kilo-bytes of data written to and read from the tag, to dynamic information maintained on the tag, such as temperature histories.信息存储在标记范围可从少一个识别号码，以基洛字节的数据写入和读出标记，以动态信息保持对标记，如温度的历史。 The information from the tag/reader combination is either presented to a human operator typically using a hand-held device with a alpha-numeric display or a host computer which automatically manages the information.信息从标签/阅读器组合是提交给一个人的经营者通常使用手持式设备与字母，数字显示或主机电脑自动管理信息。

Frequency 频率

Critical performance variables in an RFID packaging system involve the range at which communication can be maintained, the size of the information space contained on the tag, the rate at which the communication with the tag can take place, the physical size of the tag, the ability of the system to “simultaneously” communication with multiple tags, and the robustness of the communication with respect to interference due to material in the path between the reader and the tag.关键性能的变数在一个RFID包装系统涉及的范围上的沟通可以维持，大小的信息空间，包含的标记，率在其中的沟通与标记可以采取的地方，物理大小的标记，能力系统“同时”的沟通与多个标签，以及稳健的沟通与尊重干扰，由于材料在道路之间的读者和标记。 Several factors determine the level of performance that can be achieved in these variable.几个因素确定的性能水平能够实现在这些变数。 The factors include the legal/regulatory emission levels allowed in the country of use, whether or not a battery is included in the tag to assist its communication back to the reader, and the frequency of the RF carrier used to transport the information between the tag and the reader.该因素，包括法律/监管的排放水平允许在该国使用，是否或不是一个电池是包括在标记，以协助其沟通，回到读者，和频率的射频载波用于运输的信息之间的标记和读者。

Over the course of decades of RFID package development, industry has evolved RFID packaging solutions that variously trade the regulatory constraints, the signal propagation characteristics of various RF carrier frequencies, and the economics of tag size and optional batteries.在过去几十年的过程中的RFID包的开发，产业发展的RFID包装的解决方案，各种贸易监管的限制，信号传播特性的各种射频载波频率，和经济学的标记的大小和可选的电池。 These solutions employ only a few RF frequencies around which the vast majority of RFID systems are fielded today.这些解决方案聘请，只有少数的RF频率左右，其中绝大多数的RFID系统是派出了今天。 The RF frequencies include relatively narrow bands centered at: 125/134KHz or low frequency (LF) 13.56MHz or high frequency (HF) 433/869/915MHz or ultra-high frequency (UHF) 2.45/5.8GHz or micro-wave (uW).射频频率，包括相对狭小阶为本： 125/134khz或低频（星期三） 13.56或高频率（高频） 433/869/915mhz或超高频（ UHF ） 2.45/5.8ghz或微波（作者： UW ） 。

These frequency values are commonly referred to the RFID packaging technology.这些频率值普遍被称为电子标签封装技术。 Thus, tags and readers combinations are described as employing LF, HF, UHF, or uW technology.因此，标签和读取器的组合被形容为雇用LF炉，高频，超高频，威斯康星大学或技术。

Passive/Active Tags 无源/有源标签

Within any one technology there is a wide variety in tag performance reflecting semiconductor chip performance, tag antenna size and efficiency, and whether a battery is included in the tag.在任何一个技术是有各种各样的表现，在标记反映了半导体芯片的性能，标签天线尺寸和效率，以及有否电池是包括在标记。 There are two broad classes of tags with respect to the source of energy used to power the tags: passive tags or those that receive their energy solely from the RF field supplied by the reader, or active tags that have a battery to boost the read range of the tag.有两种广泛类别的标签方面的来源，使用的能源动力，标签：无源标签，或是那些接受它们的能源单从射频场提供的读者，或有源标签有电池以增加读取距离该标记。

Read Range 读取范围

In many cases there is a sharp delineation between the read range of two classes of tags employing passive technology, those that have a relatively short read range and those that have a relatively long read range, especially at LF and HE Like many radio systems, short range RFID systems tend to be less expensive and relatively easy to design and build.在许多情况下，有一个鲜明的划分之间的读取范围两类标签雇用被动的技术，那些已经在相对较短的读取范围和那些有相对较长的读取距离，特别是在LF炉和他一样，许多无线电系统，短一系列RFID系统往往是费用较低，比较容易设计和建造。 Long range RFID packaging systems tend to be more expensive and difficult to build.长程RFID的包装系统往往是较昂贵的和难以建立。 Typically, the range performance of RFID packagin systems is determined to a major extent by the reader, the power of the signal it radiates and the sensitivity of its receiver.通常情况下，一系列性能的RFID packagin系统是有决心的一大程度上受到读者，权力的信号，它闪耀着和敏感性，其接收器。

Anti-Collision 防碰撞

In many applications it is desirable to communicate with a tag when other similar tags are simultaneously visible to the reader.在许多应用中是可取的沟通与一个标记时，其他类似的标记，同时可见给读者。 In the case of tagging pigs, it is unlikely two pigs will need to be in the read space at the same time.在该案件标记猪，是不大可能的两个猪便须在阅读空间，在同一时间内。 In the case of library books an important design feature is the ability to read and “check-out” multiple books as the same time.在该案件图书馆书籍的一个重要的设计特点是阅读能力和“检查”多本图书，作为同一时间举行。 The ability of the tag/reader system to talk unambiguously with one tag at a time is determined by the anti-collision algorithm used to identify each tag and establish a communication session with the tag.能力标签/阅读器系统，以毫不含糊地讲，与一个标记在一个时间，是由反碰撞算法用来确定每个标记和建立一个沟通会议，与标记。

Tag/Reader Communication Protocols 标签/阅读器通信协议

How information is communicated to and from the tag has historically been determined by the original designer of the semiconductor device in the tag.信息是如何传达给从标记，历史上曾决定，原设计的半导体器件，在标记。 These protocols vary widely in the ways the carrier is modulated, the data is encoded, read, write, verify commands are structured, how multiple tags are read without interfering with one another, and whether privacy or security services are provided.这些协议的差别甚大，在如何承运人调制，数据是编码，读，写，核实的命令结构，如何多个标签是只读不干预彼此，以及有否隐私或安全提供服务。 These varying protocols have relative advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the application being considered.这些不同的协议有相对优势和劣势，根据应用正在考虑中。

Standards 标准

Over time RFID manufacturers and users have typically concluded that while there are advantages to having several communication protocols from which to choose for any application, there would at each frequency be an advantage to settling on one protocol, or at most a couple of protocols, which multiple suppliers could offer chips and readers.随着时间的RFID制造商和用户通常的结论是，虽然有优势，有几个通信协议，从其中选择的任何应用，将有在每一个频率是一个优势，以解决对一议定书，或在最一对夫妇的议定书，这多个供应商所能提供的芯片和读者。

The appearance of these standards is relatively recent and reflects the work of industry bodies including the UCC and the EAN, the International Standard Organization ISO, and national bodies like ANSI in the US Many of these standards are new or are in the process of being defined and there is considerable uncertainty what their form will ultimately be.出现这些标准是比较近期的和反映的工作，业界团体，包括上岛咖啡店和的EAN ，国际标准组织国际标准化组织，机构和国家机构一样的ANSI在美国的许多这些标准是新的或正在在这个过程中被界定有相当大的不确定性是什么形式，最终会。

Summary 摘要

The RFID industry today represents a dynamic attempt by manufacturers and users to build and deploy solutions reflecting trade-offs between a wide range of technical, political, and regulatory constraints. RFID行业今天代表一个动态的，企图通过制造商和用户建立和部署的解决方案反映了贸易之间的取舍了广泛的技术，政治和管理上的限制。 It is in this dynamic environment that SAMSys provides RFID readers which enable end-users, system integrators, and automatic data capture (ADC) equipment suppliers to make timely and safe decisions about how to employ RFID.正是在这种不断变化的环境， SAMSys公司提供的RFID读写器，使最终用户，系统集成商，和自动数据采集（ ADC ）的设备供应商作出及时和安全的决定如何聘用的RFID 。

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